Abstract
High-frequency electrical stimulation is becoming a promising therapy for neurological disorders, however the response of the central nervous system to stimulation remains poorly understood. The current work investigates the response of myelin to electrical stimulation by laser-scanning coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging of myelin in live spinal tissues in real time. Paranodal myelin retraction at the nodes of Ranvier was observed during 200 Hz electrical stimulation. Retraction was seen to begin minutes after the onset of stimulation and continue for up to 10 min after stimulation was ceased, but was found to reverse after a 2 h recovery period. The myelin retraction resulted in exposure of Kv 1.2 potassium channels visualized by immunofluorescence. Accordingly, treating the stimulated tissue with a potassium channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine, led to the appearance of a shoulder peak in the compound action potential curve. Label-free CARS imaging of myelin coupled with multiphoton fluorescence imaging of immuno-labeled proteins at the nodes of Ranvier revealed that high-frequency stimulation induced paranodal myelin retraction via pathologic calcium influx into axons, calpain activation, and cytoskeleton degradation through spectrin break-down.
Date of this Version
3-3-2011
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0017176
Recommended Citation
Huff, Terry B.; Shi, Yunzhou; Sun, Wenjing; Wu, Wei; Shi, Riyi; and Cheng, Ji-Xin, "Real-Time CARS Imaging Reveals a Calpain-Dependent Pathway for Paranodal Myelin Retraction during High-Frequency Stimulation." (2011). Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications. Paper 5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017176
Comments
This is the publisher pdf of Huff TB, Shi Y, Sun W, Wu W, Shi R, et al. (2011) Real-Time CARS Imaging Reveals a Calpain-Dependent Pathway for Paranodal Myelin Retraction during High-Frequency Stimulation. PLoS ONE 6(3): e17176 and is available at: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017176.