Reflecting upon the losses in plasmonics and metamaterials
Abstract
Plasmonics aims at combining features of photonics and electronics by coupling photons with a free-electron gas, whose subwavelength oscillations (surface plasmons) enable manipulation of light at the nanoscale and engender the exciting properties of optical metamaterials. Plasmonics is facing a grand challenge of overcoming metal losses impeding its progress. We reflect on the reasons why subwavelength confinement and loss are intimately intertwined and investigate the physics of loss in conductors beyond the conventional Drude model. We suggest that commonly used noble metals may not be the best materials for plasmonics and describe alternate materials such as transparent conducting oxides and transition metal nitrides. We consider the prospects of compensating the loss with gain materials and conclude that the so-far elusive solution to the loss obstacle lies in finding better materials with lower losses.
Keywords
ELECTRON-ELECTRON SCATTERING; NEGATIVE REFRACTION; GRAPHENE PLASMONICS; DIFFRACTION LIMIT; WAVE-GUIDES; LASERS; LIGHT; METALS; GAIN; OPTICS
DOI
10.1557/mrs.2012.173
Citation
Jacob B. Khurgin and Alexandra Boltasseva. MRS Bulletin, Volume 37, Issue 8 (Plasmonics) August 2012, pp. 768-779
Date of this Version
8-2012
Recommended Citation
Khurgin, Jacob B. and Boltasseva, Alexandra, "Reflecting upon the losses in plasmonics and metamaterials" (2012). Birck and NCN Publications. Paper 1151.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2012.173