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Abstract

Examples from aviation and aerospace illustrate the potential consequences that emerge when organizations replace learning from experience with technology, a process referred to as a cognitive offloading strategy (COS). Examples include the Air France Flight 447 crash involving an Airbus 330-203 and the Lion Air Flight 610 crash involving a Boeing 737 Max. From the perspective of human performance in extreme environments, COS represents an underexplored source of organizational vulnerability which presents a particular challenge for learning in organizations. Decrements in learning result from COS because COS creates gaps in procedural knowledge and deprives operators of opportunities to learn in the face of event-induced stress. Due to the inevitability of COS in extreme environments, recommendations for building resilience include offering training scenarios that support the development of a positive stress response, facilitating the ability to learn in the face of uncertainty, and supporting highly engaged experiential learning to build procedural (and often tacit) knowledge of operations.

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