Preparation for group therapy: The effects of preparer and modality on group process and individual functioning

Vicki Ellen Bowman, Purdue University

Abstract

This study examined the impact of a group counseling preparation program. Results of the effects of preparer (leader versus other personnel) and modality (group versus individual) on expectations about therapy, anxiety, group and individual functioning, and leader functioning are reported. Thirty-two subjects in a group counseling course were randomly assigned to four treatment conditions: prepared by their leader in a group modality (LG), prepared by their leader individually (LI), prepared by another leader in a group modality (OG), and prepared by another leader individually (OI). The preparation was designed for an experiential growth group. The preparation included cognitive, vicarious, and experiential components and emphasized self-disclosure, feedback, confrontation, and identification of resistance. It was predicted that preparation would change expectations about group therapy. Additionally, it was hypothesized that there would be a significant main effect for preparation by the leader (conditions LG and LI) and a significant main effect for preparation in a group modality (conditions LG and OG), with a significant interaction effect for preparation by the leader in a group modality (condition LG). The prediction that expectations about group therapy would change was supported. No treatment condition significantly impacted anxiety levels. Cohesiveness was higher in conditions OG and OI and highest in the OI condition. The OI condition reported a higher degree of structure and formality. Ratings of group discussion were inconclusive. Individual functioning ratings of members failed to demonstrate a significant preparer or modality effect. Leaders in conditions OG and OI rated members higher on individual functioning. Regarding impact of preparer on leader functioning, subjects in conditions OG and OI rated their leaders higher on the ability to apply theory to practice. This study supports the literature espousing the benefits of preparation for group therapy. Effects of preparer seem important for short-term groups, since being prepared by someone other than the leader may create more cohesion and encourage members to focus on group process. Results suggest that preparation in a group may increase personal growth during the later stages of a group. Future research is needed on utilizing preparation with different types of groups, settings, and leaders.

Degree

Ph.D.

Advisors

DeLucia, Purdue University.

Subject Area

Academic guidance counseling|Psychotherapy

COinS