THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL ABSENCE ON SEX-ROLE DEVELOPMENT: A META-ANALYSIS (DIVORCE, PARENTAL ABSENCE, DEATH)
Abstract
This meta-analysis reviewed every available study that compared a father-present and a father-absent group on a measure of sex-role. 67 studies produced 222 estimates of effect size. A secondary purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the conventional approach to analysis with a new approach proposed by Hedges (1982a, 1982b, 1982c). Results show that published studies produced larger estimates of effect size than unpublished studies. Effect size estimates based on non-normative samples were significantly different than estimates based on more typical samples. Few differences were found between father-absent and father-present females. Significant differences were found to be related to type of measure and age for males. Young father-absent boys made less stereotypical choices of toys and activities when compared to father-present age mates. Older father-absent boys were more sex-typed in their overt behavior particularly in terms of aggression, when compared to father-present boys. The two approaches to analysis were compared and suggestions were made for future research in this area.
Degree
Ph.D.
Subject Area
Developmental psychology
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