MYCOTOXIC DISEASES PRODUCED IN THE TURKEY AND DUCK BY CITRININ
Abstract
These studies determined the clinical and pathological effects of citrinin toxicosis in turkeys and ducklings. The single dose LD(,50) value in 7-day-old male turkey poults was 56 mg/kg and 57 mg/kg for 7-day-old male white Pekin ducklings. The mycotoxin was nephrotoxic in both species, but the renal lesions were more severe in turkeys and were characterized by degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular epithelium. In turkeys, lesions included hepatic cell necrosis and biliary hyperplasia. Lymphoid necrosis and depletion involved the thymus and cloacal bursa of turkeys and ducklings. These latter lesions were the most prominent histopathological alterations in citrinin-treated ducklings. When 7-day-old ducklings were given doses of citrinin between 30 to 110 mg/kg body weight, most of the treated ducklings that died (49/80) did so within 4 to 12 hours. Seven daily doses of citrinin equal to half or three-quarters of the single-dose LD(,50) administered by crop gavage to 14-day-old male white Pekin ducklings or 7-day-old male turkey poults produced no additive toxic effects in either ducklings or turkeys. Turkeys and ducklings (14-day-old) given 56 or 57 mg/kg, respectively, were killed at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. The principal alteration in both species was nephrosis that was more severe in turkeys than in ducklings. Tubular necrosis was the dominant lesion at 3-72 hours in turkeys and at 6-24 hours in ducklings. Citrinin was mixed in the diet at 100, 250 and 500 ppm and fed to one-day-old male white Pekin ducklings. Ducklings fed 250 or 500 ppm for 15 days had clinical signs of citrinin toxicity. Body weight gain was significantly decreased by the 500 ppm diet (P (LESSTHEQ) 0.05). Ducklings fed 250 and 500 ppm developed nephropathy that was more severe in the 500 ppm group. Blood samples were collected from 7-day-old ducklings sequentially at 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours post administration of the single dose LD(,50). The alterations included hyperkalemia (P (LESSTHEQ) 0.01) and metabolic acidosis characterized by reduced blood pH (P (LESSTHEQ) 0.01) and base excess (P (LESSTHEQ) 0.01).
Degree
Ph.D.
Subject Area
Animal diseases
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