Evaluation of feedstuffs and nutritional interventions in diets for pigs and chickens
Abstract
The objectives of the studies in this dissertation were to document the influence of exogenous enzymes supplementation on the performance and nutrient utilization of pigs and chickens as well as to examine the energy value of meat and bone meal (MBM). In pigs, xylanase supplementation did not improve weight gain of young pigs receiving rye-diets, but had linear effects ( P < 0.05) on nutrient digestibility. However, xylanase improved (P < 0.05) growth rate in broilers receiving the same diet. Supplementation of phytase combined with cocktail of xylanase-amylase-protease (XAP) in young pigs improved (P < 0.05) daily gain. Phytase combined with xylanase improved (P < 0.01) phosphorus retention and decreased phosphorus excretion in growing-finishing pigs. In broilers receiving phytase and XAP in corn-soybean meal diets, there were both age and diet effects on improving (P < 0.01) nutrient retention. In addition, broilers receiving phytase had improved (P < 0.01) net energy for production, energy retained as fat or protein from days 0 to14 and 0 to 21 periods. Furthermore, combination of phytase and XAP also improved (P < 0.05) body nutrient accretion in broilers. In broilers receiving wheat-based diet with phytase, there was improved (P < 0.05) weight gain and bone ash when diets were supplemented with phytase. In digestibility assay with pigs, apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of the MBM samples ranged from 2,320 to 3,872 kcal/kg whereas nitrogen-corrected AME ranged from 2,212 to 3,767 kcal/kg. The optimum prediction equations were: AME = 13, 587 – (1.25 × Gross Energy, kcal/kg) – (3.51 × Crude Protein, g/kg) + (30.4 × P, g/kg) – (16.4 × Ash, g/kg) and for AMEn, the equation is: AMEn = 13, 547 – (1.25 × GE, kcal/kg) – (3.59 × Crude Protein, g/kg) + (31.0 × P, g/kg) – (16.5 × Ash, g/kg). Additionally, increasing the content of non-starch polysaccharides in the basal diet for broilers had no effect on AME of MBM. The data from these studies showed that exogenous enzymes can increase nutrient utilization and reduce nutrient excretion by pigs and chickens and that MBM is a valuable energy source for these animals.
Degree
Ph.D.
Advisors
Adeola, Purdue University.
Subject Area
Animal sciences
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