Literature as an ethical challenge: Alain Locke and the responsibility of the Negro artist

Chielozona E Eze, Purdue University

Abstract

In this dissertation, I argue that the measure of a literary work of art is the degree to which it aids the establishing of the good life. My argument is rooted in Alain Locke's charge to the “Negro”1 writers of his time that they help Negroes out of their disadvantaged situations by producing works that would enhance “spiritual quickening.” Literature therefore must contribute towards building a flourishing human community. This is its ethical challenge. I begin by defining ethics as the attainment of virtues that contribute to human flourishing. This definition relies heavily on Alasdair MacIntyre's view of humans as dependent rational beings. Next, I situate Alain Locke's dissatisfaction with the condition of Negroes and his belief that art can help uplift the Negro spirit and thereby effect their social condition. I then examine Jean-Paul Sartre's idea of literature as a means of effecting social change. I do this as a way to understand Alain Locke's ethical demand on literature. I identify the postcolonial condition as analogous to the condition of the African Americans during the Harlem Renaissance era. I then examine Rey Chow and T. Minh-ha's postcolonial feminist criticism, and their ethical demands on writers as another way of understanding Alain Locke's philosophy. Finally, I discuss select works of Toni Morrison, Jamaica Kincaid and Buchi Emecheta to demonstrate in concrete terms not only how this aesthetic-ethical theory can be applied to literary works, but also how specific works can contribute to rebuilding fractured communities. 1I understand that the word Negro is not an adequate designation of an African-American. I however make use of it here for the purpose of being nearer to Locke's use of it and his time.

Degree

Ph.D.

Advisors

Harris, Purdue University.

Subject Area

Philosophy|African literature|American literature|African Americans|Comparative literature|Caribbean literature

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