Transactive memory and gender stereotypes

Traci Yvon Craig, Purdue University

Abstract

This project explores the impact of stereotypes on the development and use of transactive memory systems. Transactive memory systems are those systems that develop within and between individuals in groups in order to most efficiently distribute information within a group. Using a series of word recall and general knowledge tasks dyads and groups are shown to develop implicit transactive memory system directories or systems via which groups understand who knows what within the group. These systems seem to be based in part on shared mental models provided by gender stereotypes. If stereotypes are guiding the development of transactive memory systems, the implications are that expertise resources may be left untapped and non-experts may be held accountable for information incongruent with their qualifications. The studies presented in this paper were designed to test a series of hypotheses across four studies to examine the role of stereotypes in the formation of new transactive memory systems in unacquainted dyads or groups working on memory or general knowledge tasks. Specifically, these studies allow for an examination of how stereotypes about partner's sex, major of study, or even actual performance influence the distribution of information. In a series of four studies, general support is found for the hypotheses that participants not only use their own sex as an indicator of relative expertise and subsequent information assignment, but also that the sex of the partners or other group members also plays a role in determining who will be held responsible for which domains of information. In addition, Study 4 demonstrates that while the transactive memory systems may initially be based on stereotypes that these systems are malleable and can also be influenced by the performance of the group's members. Implications for this role of stereotypes in transactive memory systems are discussed. Future directions for transactive memory research are suggested.

Degree

Ph.D.

Advisors

Kelly, Purdue University.

Subject Area

Social psychology

COinS