The Effect of Medium Chain Fatty Acids on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is estimated to cost the US swine industry $664 million in annual production losses. Therefore, the objective of this project was to evaluate the effect of MCFA on PRRSV replication using in vitro and in-vivo studies. The overarching hypothesis was that MCFA would inhibit or reduce viral replication of PRRSV infection in vitro and reduce viral load in-vivo. In the first experiment (Chapter 2), MARC-145 cells were used to determine the effects of individual MCFA (C6, C8, C10, and C12) exposure at concentrations ranging from 1-1000 µg/mL prior to and following inoculation of North American Type II (P-129) or European Type I (Lelystad) PRRSV. Viral replication was determined using FITC labeled IgG anti-PRRSV monoclonal antibody and TCID50 was calculated for each concentration. Data were analyzed using the Proc Mixed procedure of SAS. Incubation of MARC145 cells with caproic acid (C6) at concentrations of 1-1000 µg/mL prior to and after inoculation with Type II North American (P129) or Type I European (Lelystad) PRRSV did not alter viral replication (P > 0.10). However, incubation of MARC-145 cells with caprylic (C8), capric (C10), and lauric (C12) acid prior to and after inoculation with Type I and Type II PRRSV did reduce viral replication at concentrations ranging from 100-1000 µg/mL. In general, the effective dose required to reduce (P < 0.05) viral replication (Log10TCID50/mL) decreased as MCFA chain length increased. In experiment 2 (Chapter 3), the use of MCFA combinations (C8:C10; C8:C12; C10:C12; and C8:C10:C12) to reduce viral replication of PRRSV in MARC-145 cells was investigated. The MCFA combinations were analyzed at six different concentrations ranging from 50-500 µg/mL with North American Type II (P-129) and European Type I (Lelystad) PRRSV. Viral replication was determined as described in experiment 1 (Chapter 2) using FITC labeled IgG anti-PRRSV monoclonal antibody and Log10TCID50/mL was calculated for each concentration. Data were analyzed using the Proc Mixed procedure of SAS. Incubation of MARC-145 cells with MCFA combinations prior to and after inoculation with Type II North American (P129) and Type I European (Lelystad) PRRSV resulted in reduced viral replication at MCFA concentrations of 200-500 µg/mL and was concentration dependent. Reduction of viral replication with MCFA was further evaluated by independently incubating MARC-145 cells or PRRSV. Results indicated that viral replication was reduced when MARC-145 cells were incubated with MCFA and not when PRRSV was incubated with MCFA. In experiment 3 (Chapter 4), 112 mixed sex pigs (PIC 1050 females x PIC 359 sire), weaned at 21 d of age, weighing 7.5 ± 0.68 kg, were used in a 33d PRRSV challenge study. Pigs were blocked by body weight and sex and randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2x2 factorial design with pigs receiving 0 or 0.30% MCFA in the diet and placebo or PRRSV inoculation. Following a 5 d adjustment to diets and rooms, pigs were inoculated with either a placebo (sterile PBS) or Type II North American (P129) PRRSV (1 x 105 , TCID50/mL) given in 1 mL each intranasal and IM injection.
Degree
Ph.D.
Advisors
Radcliffe, Purdue University.
Subject Area
Morphology|Evolution and Development|Animal sciences|Cellular biology|Developmental biology|Genetics|Immunology|Pathology|Virology
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