Feasibility of decomposing one-minute average area control error for apportioning load -frequency regulation costs
Abstract
Rapid and widely varying loads can adversely affect control performance of a control area. To ensure the reliability of the interconnection, sanctions or penalties can be imposed on a control area when it fails to comply with NERC control performance standards, CPS1 and CPS2. A control area, in turn, would like to know how load variations in certain sub-areas or zones affect its CPS1 and CPS2 measures. This thesis addresses the question of the decomposability of the one-minute average value of ACE, [special characters omitted], the primary variable in the computation of CPS1 and CPS2, into components attributable to load fluctuations within defined zones inside the control area. It includes a description of the dynamic models of ACE and [special characters omitted] that are used to determine the contributions of the sub-areas. Some of the practical issues with on-line implementation of the proposed decomposition method, including non-linearities in the governors' dead bands and the impact of load disturbance external to the control area are examined. A recursive least squares technique to update the [special characters omitted] model parameters is proposed. A feasibility study for applying the ACE model to on-line estimation of an area's frequency response characteristic, β, is conducted. Setting frequency bias of a control area close to its β can reduce over-regulation and enhance the correctness of using ACE as a measure in identifying an internal imbalance of generation and load of the control area at the scheduled frequency. Monitoring of an area's β could also ensure a fairer distribution of desired overall frequency response among the control areas. Simulated results showing the performance of the decomposition method and the accuracy of the estimated β are presented.
Degree
Ph.D.
Advisors
Ong, Purdue University.
Subject Area
Electrical engineering
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