Abstract
An understanding of the factors that affect the flow freezing process in microchannels is important in the development of microfluidic ice valves featuring well-controlled and fast response times. This study explores the effect of channel diameter on the flow freezing process and the time to achieve channel closure. The freezing process is experimentally investigated for a pressure-driven water flow (0.3 ml/min) through three glass microchannels with inner diameters of 50 0 μm, 30 0 μm, and 10 0 μm, respectively, using channel-wall temperature measurements synchronized with high-magnification, high-speed imag- ing. Freezing invariably initiates in supercooled water as a thin layer of dendritic ice that grows along the inner channel wall, followed by the formation and growth of a thick annular ice layer which ultimately causes complete channel closure. The growth time of the annular ice layer decreases monotonically with channel diameter, with the 100 μm channel having the shortest closing time. Specifically, the mean clos- ing time for this smallest channel is measured to be 0.25 s, which is markedly shorter compared to other reports in the existing literature using larger channel sizes at similar flow rates. A model-based analysis of the freezing process is used to show that the total latent heat released by the freezing mass (which varies as the square of the channel diameter) is the key factor governing the closing time. Owing to this simple scaling, the study reveals that reducing the channel diameter offers an attractive approach to increasing the responsiveness of ice valves to achieve non-intrusive flow control at high sample flow rates.
Keywords
Annular ice growth, Dendritic ice growth, Flow freezing, Ice valve, Microchannel, Supercooled water
Date of this Version
2020
DOI
doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119718
Published in:
A. Jain, A. Miglani, J. A. Weibel, and S. V. Garimella, “The Effect of Channel Diameter on Flow Freezing in Microchannels,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 157, 119718, 2020.