Abstract
In underground (UG) multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), the transmit beamforming is used to focus energy in the desired direction. There are three different paths in the underground soil medium through which the waves propagates to reach at the receiver. When the UG receiver receives a desired data stream only from the desired path, then the UG MIMO channel becomes three path (lateral, direct, and reflected) interference channel. Accordingly, the capacity region of the UG MIMO three path interference channel and degrees of freedom (multiplexing gain of this MIMO channel requires careful modeling). Therefore, expressions are required derived the degrees of freedom of the UG MIMO interference channel. The underground receiver needs to perfectly cancel the interference from the three different components of the EM-waves propagating in the soil medium. This concept is based upon reducing the interference the undesired components to minimum at UG receiver using the receive beamforming. In this paper, underground environment aware MIMO using transmit and receive beamforming has been developed. The optimal transmit beamforming and receive combin- ing vectors under minimal inter-component interference constraint are derived. It is shown that UG MIMO performs best when all three component of the wireless UG channel are leveraged for beamforming. The environment aware UG MIMO technique leads to three-fold performance improvements and paves the wave for design and development of next generation sensor-guided irrigation systems in the field of digital agriculture.
Keywords
Digital Agriculture, Wireless Underground Channel, Underground Communications, MIMO, Beamforming, Internet of Underground Things
Date of this Version
4-2019
Included in
Computational Engineering Commons, Digital Communications and Networking Commons, OS and Networks Commons, Soil Science Commons, Systems and Communications Commons
Comments
A. Salam, "Underground Environment Aware MIMO Design Using Transmit and Receive Beamforming in Internet of Underground Things", in Proc. 2019 International Conference on Internet of Things (ICIOT 2019), San Diego, CA, USA, June 2019. The final authenticated version is available online at https://doi.org/ .