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Abstract

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is one of the most critical criteria for assessing occupants’ health, comfort, and work performance in air-conditioned commercial buildings, particularly under tropical urban conditions such as those in Vietnam. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ventilation and air-conditioning systems in controlling IAQ and indoor environmental conditions in 15 representative commercial buildings (i.e., hotels, offices, and shopping centers) located in Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City. An integrated research framework was employed, combining Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, field measurements, questionnaire-based occupant surveys, and data analysis. Relevant standards were adopted as benchmarks to assess key IAQ parameters, including carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, particulate matter (PM2.5), formaldehyde, ozone, and total airborne bacteria, together with thermal comfort indices. The results indicate that inadequate ventilation rates, non-uniform airflow distribution, and suboptimal operational strategies are key factors associated with elevated pollutant concentrations and reduced thermal comfort in the investigated buildings. CFD simulations performed using ANSYS Fluent show reasonable agreement with field measurement data and further illustrate the role of airflow distribution in influencing IAQ and indoor environmental conditions.

Keywords

Indoor Air Quality; Air conditioner; Commercial buildings; Ventilation; CFD simulation

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