Dietary patterns of pacific northwest tribal nations
Abstract
Diet is influential in the etiology of disease. The objectives of these studies were to: (1) evaluate dietary assessment tools for use with non-pregnant adults (18+ y) from Pacific Northwest Tribal Nations (PNwT) participating in the Communities Advancing the Studies of Tribal Nations Across the Lifespan (CoASTAL) cohort, and (2) describe the dietary intakes and dietary pattern profiles of the adults members of the CoASTAL cohort. For inclusion in these cross-sectional analyses, participants needed to complete a brief shellfish assessment survey (SAS) (n=500), a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (n=518), dietary records (n=444), weight measures (n=493), and height measures (n=496). Paired t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and percent agreement were used to evaluate the dietary records and the FFQ; sensitivity and specificity as well as Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the SAS and the FFQ compared to the dietary records; nutrient intakes were stratified by gender and assessed as mean intakes per day while reduced rank regression was used to derive the CoASTAL cohort’s dietary patterns. Statistically significant correlations between the FFQ and dietary records for selected nutrients were not the same by gender. The SAS was found to similarly assess shellfish consumption in comparison to the FFQ. Among both the men and women, total fat contributed to an estimated 34-37 % of energy intake and saturated fat contributed to an estimated 11-12% of energy intake per day. Estimated intakes of cholesterol ranged from 262 mg/day to 442 mg/day. A majority of men and women were not meeting recommendations for vitamins A, C, E, magnesium, and sodium. A traditional dietary pattern of the PNwT was not present within this population regardless of dietary assessment tool used. However, a fruit and sweetened drinks dietary pattern and a vegetarian based dietary pattern were found to significantly associate with body mass index in unexpected directions. These results support the benefit of multiple measures of diet. Further longitudinal analysis of the CoASTAL cohort’s diet will aid in describing the associations of diet to risk of disease and will inform future dietary recommendations for the PNwT.
Degree
Ph.D.
Advisors
Okoror, Purdue University.
Subject Area
Nutrition|Public health
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