2024-03-28T22:43:46Z
http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/do/oai/
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1000
2008-11-11T21:24:18Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: Should a Greenhouse, Light Shelf, or Growth Chamber Be Used?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-10-27T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/1
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1008
2008-11-11T21:35:00Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: Reference List
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This reference list supports the Purdue methods for Arabidopsis thaliana growth originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml].
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2006-04-03T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/9
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1007
2008-11-11T21:31:23Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: Materials/Methodology
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document describes the methods and materials used to develop best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth at the Plant Growth Facility of the Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture in the College of Agriculture at Purdue University.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2006-11-06T08:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/8
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1001
2012-04-26T15:52:16Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: What Soil Mix Worked the Best in This Study?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
<p>This publication describes studies comparing different brands of commercial soilless mixes for growing healthy <em>Arabidopsis</em> plants. We recommend fine textured germination mixes such as Pro-Mix PGX and Metro Mix Redi-earth. This update removes the statement that Fafard mixes seemed unsuitable, as our more recent experience with their Super-fine Germination Mix has given excellent results.</p>
<p>This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.</p>
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2012-04-26T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/2
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1005
2010-10-06T13:53:11Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: Can I Leave Plants Sitting in Water?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Aschenbeck, Laura
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
drain trays
2008-10-28T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/6
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1009
2008-11-11T21:35:52Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: What Fertilizer Strength and Frequency Was Required?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Aschenbeck, Laura
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-10-29T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/10
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1002
2008-11-11T21:25:52Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: Can a Soilless Mix Be Augmented to Improve Growth?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-10-28T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/3
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1003
2008-11-11T21:26:33Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: What Root Media Worked Best to Cleanly Remove Roots?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-10-28T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/4
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1004
2008-11-11T21:27:15Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: Do Seeds Need to Be Misted to Germinate?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-10-28T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/5
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1006
2012-04-26T15:57:52Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: Protocol Summary
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel
Other
<p>This publication provides a single-page chart summarizing our protocols for growing <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. Split into three production goals, recommendations are given for location, photoperiod, temperature, lighting, container, root medium, planting density, irrigation, fertilization and fungus gnat control. This version updates our fertilizer strength and fungus gnat control recommendations.</p>
<p>This document summarizes a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth.</p>
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2012-04-26T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/7
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1010
2008-11-11T21:36:35Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: What Pot Size Worked the Best in This Study?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-10-29T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/11
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1012
2008-11-11T21:37:44Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: What Light Intensity Worked Best in This Study? Can High Intensity Discharge Lights Be Used?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Aschenbeck, Laura
Other
<p>This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.</p>
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
Horticulture
2008-10-31T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/13
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1013
2008-11-11T21:38:30Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: What Photoperiod (Daylength) Worked Best in This Study?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Aschenbeck, Laura
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-10-31T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/14
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1011
2008-11-11T21:37:08Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: Did Use of Slow Release Fertilitzer Result in Healthy Plants?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-10-31T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/12
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1014
2008-11-11T21:22:35Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: Can Plants Be Transferred from Low Light Environment to High Light?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-10-31T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/15
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1015
2008-11-11T21:39:45Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: Does Growth Under 24-Hour Light Hasten Production? Can Plants Be Damaged by It?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-10-31T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/16
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1016
2008-11-12T16:04:39Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: Can a Greenhouse Bench or Shelf Be Air-Conditioned?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-11-03T08:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/17
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1018
2008-11-12T16:06:53Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: How Much Imidacloprid (Marathon 1G) Need Be Applied?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-11-04T08:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/19
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1020
2008-11-12T16:08:04Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: How Can Growing Space Be Optimized?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-11-04T08:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/21
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1017
2008-11-12T16:06:22Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: Did Any Treatments Reduce Fungus Gnat Infestation?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Moulton, Todd
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-11-04T08:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/18
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1019
2008-11-12T16:07:20Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: Do Any Insecticides or Fungicides Burn Foliage?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
2008-11-04T08:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/20
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1021
2010-10-06T13:54:25Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis: INSV—Your Worst Arabidopsis Nightmare?
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T
Other
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/101exp.shtml] regarding best practices for Arabidopsis thaliana growth. Digital images showing treatment differences are included. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and references list are available in separate documents.
Arabidopsis
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
Turface
sub-irrigation
primary color fluorescent
plant growth chambers
plant lighting
INSV
2010-10-01T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/22
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmcg-1012
2010-03-19T15:18:53Z
publication:hla
publication:pmrg
publication:pmag
publication:ag
publication:greenhouse
publication:pmcg
Purdue Methods: How Do I Prevent Calcined Clay from Leaking out of Container?
Kottkamp, Justin
Mason, Tyler
Eddy, Robert
Hahn, Daniel T.
Corn Growth
Purdue Methods: Optimizing Greenhouse Corn Production--This document is based on materials originally posted to the Purdue University HLA Department Plant Growth Facility web site: http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/CornMethod.shtml<br />(Original Page Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/5oLVAd2bc)
This document is one entry in a series of questions and answers originally posted to the Purdue University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture’s Plant Growth Facility Web site (http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/facilities/greenhouse/CornMethod.shtml) regarding best practices for corn plant growth in a greenhouse. Controlled studies were conducted with the goals of optimizing growth and yield; developing standardized methodology using readily available commercial materials; and providing recommendations for both high-tech and low-tech facilities. Digital images showing treatment differences are included, as well as statistical analysis of data. A summary of recommendations; materials and methods description; and a reference list are available in separate documents.
corn
maize
Zea mays
growing methods
greenhouse methods
greenhouse protocols
greenhouse best practices
Purdue methods
calcined clay
porous ceramic
Turface
tassel storage
pollen storage
automated irrigation
drip irrigation
growth regulator
Horticulture
2010-03-01T08:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmcg/6
oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:pmag-1022
2021-04-21T18:30:32Z
publication:hla
publication:ag
publication:pmag
publication:greenhouse
Does Light Quality Influence Arabidopsis thaliana Growth in Controlled Environments?
Deppe, Nathan A
Little, Daniel A
Zapf, Kathleen K
Article
<p>This study examines the use of diverse lamp types, with inherently different spectral attributes, to determine light quality influence on Arabidopsis thaliana growth in controlled environments.</p>
Light Quality
Arabidopsis
Plant Growth
Greenhouse
Controlled Environment
Plant Response
Growth Chamber
101 Ways to Try to Grow Arabidopsis
Agriculture
Horticulture
Plant Biology
2021-04-16T07:00:00Z
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/pmag/23